Automatic pistol



-S. OLIVER.

AUTOMATIC PISTOL. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 13, 1917.

Patented June 14, 1921;

3 SHEETS-SHEET l- S. OLIVER.

AUTOMATIC PISTOL.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 13. 1917.

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Application filed September 13, 1917. Serial No. 191,220.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, STACY Omvnn, a citizen of the United States, residin at Chicopee Falls, county of Hampden, tate of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Automatic Pistols, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to-fire arms, and more particularly to small fire arms such as pistols of the magazine type.

An object of the present invention is to provide a fire armwith a magazine adapted to contain a number of cartridges; with a novel device for feeding the cartridges to the cartridge chamber at the inner end of the barrel; and to provide a novel connection between the cartridge feeding means and a recoil bolt including a device for releasing the bolt and moving the adjacent cartridge into the chamber.

The invention aims at-the provision of a fire arms construction which is relatively simple, includes but few operative parts, and which may be readily actuated and easily kept in order.

he above, and variousother objects and advantages of this invention will be in part' described, and in part understood, from the following detailed description. of the prescut preferred embodiment, the same being illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a pistol constructed according to the present inven tion.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged side elevation of the same, the adjacent side being broken away to disclose the inner parts, and wherein a cartridge is located in the chamber and the parts are in position for exploding the cartrid 'e.

Flg. 3 is a top plan view of the pistol.

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 2 showing the parts in inoperative or locked position.

Fig. 5 is a like view showing the bolt returned by the recoil from the discharge o the cartridge, the bolt being locked and the magazine being empty.

Fi dis a transverse section taken substantlally on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5.

Referring to these vdrawings wherein like parts are designated by similar numerals of reference throughout the several views, 10 designates the stock or frame of the pistol having a receiver 11 at its forward end in th fo m o a eev portion nto which is Specification of Letters Patent.

rear of the receiver 11 and barrel 12.

Patented June 14, 1921.,

the usual manner and preferably exteriorly reduced to fit in the receiver 11 and abut thereagainst. A set screw 13 extends into the lower part of the receiver 11 and is incllned upwardly and rearwa-rdly and provlded with a cylindrical projection on its inner end entering a notch in the lower side of the barrel 12 to retain the latter in place. The frame 10 is formed with a. vertically extending magazine or pocket 14 closed at its lower end andopening at its upper end through the top of the frame immediately in The cartridges are placed in the magazine 14 passing axially through the bolt 17. The magazine preferably opens at the top of the frame and at one side thereof, such as at the right side. Within the bottom of the magazine 14 is placed a preferably flat sinuously bent spring 15 secured by a rivet 16 or the like to the bottom of the frame 10 and urged upwardly through the magazine by its inherent resiliency. The cartridges are fed lnto the magazine against the tension of the spring 15 to. collapse the same. In the frame 10, and in axial alinement with the receiver.

spring 18 projects at its forward end into a I counter-bore in the bolt and is seated against the inner end of the counter-bore. The rear end of the spring 18 engages the rear wall 20 of the frame 10. The bolt 17 carries, at preferably its right side, an extractor 21 in the form of an arm having a lug upon its end fitting into a-correspondingly formed notch in the cartridge chamber of the barrel adapted to engage the rim of the cartridge for withdrawing the latter when the bolt is f retracted, The stem 19 constitutes the firing pin and is fixed to the bolt 17 at its forward end by a set screw 22 which binds the bolt to the firing pin. The firing pin 19, however, is provided with a transverse slot 23 of greater width than the diameter of the set screw 22 to admit of the slight longitudinal movement of the firing pin. -The forward end of the firing pin is provided with the usual reduced point. 24 arranged in'line with t e st iking point-of the cars The lower side of the bolt 17 has a longitudinal depression 28 therein to receive the upper end of a stop 29 carried in the frame 10 and which strikes a depending lug or shoulder 30 formed upon the rear end of the bolt 17 when the latter is moved into its forward position. The stop 29 is held adjustably in raised position to engage in the way 28 by a set screw 31 which en ages in a slot 32 formed in thestop 29. en the set screw 31 is loosened the stop 29 may be lowered to escape the shoulder 30 and release the bolt.

The bolt is also provided-at its forward end and at its lower side with a circumferentially extending groove 33 which emerges at opposite ends into the peripheral surface of the bolt and which is ada ted to receive therein a lockin dog 34 sli ably mounted in the frame 10 beneath the bolt at the rear end of the magazine 14. The do 34 looks the bolt in retracted position un er conditions hereinafter specified.

The dog 34 has a projection 35 upon its forward edge and at its upper end which lies in a slot 36 formed in the rear wall of the magazine 10 immediately below the bolt receiving bore of the frame. The spring 15 has a flexible lip 37 upon its upper free end which rides against the rear wall of the magazine 14 and snaps into the slot 36 beneath the projection 35 and urges the latter together with the dog'34 upwardly into the groove 33 of the bolt when the latter is retracted and the spring 15 fully expands in the well or magazine 14. Thebolt 17 is thus locked in retracted position automatically when the magazine is empty. When the magazine is filled and the spring 15 depressed the frictional contact of the dog 34 with the, bolt 17 holds the latter in retaining position as the bolt is normally urged forward by the relatively heavy spring 18. To

release the bolt the firing pin 19 is drawn.

backward slightly by grasping the head 26 and a light coil sprmg 38 connected to" the pawl 34 and the frame 10 retracts the pawl from the bolt and releases the latter.

If it be desired to release the bolt 17 while the magazine is empty, it is only necessary to slightly depress the spring 15 to release the dog 34 and allow the bolt to move forwardly into position against the cartridge chamber.

The hammer 27 is pivoted on a transverse P 9 h h s a ned y the frame 1 The frame 10 is provided with'a hand gri 40 of usual form for supporting the lsto and an operating sprin 41 of t e lea t pc is fixed at its lower en in handle 40 an 1s pivotally connected at its upper end as at 42 to the lower part of the hammer for normally urging the same upwardly into contact with the head 26. The lower part of the hammer is provided with a rearwardly facing shoulder 43 engaged b a sear 44 pivoted at 45 in the frame an having a shoulder normally urged upwardly for contact with the shoulder 43 by an ex ansion s ring 46. A trigger 49 is mounte in the ower part of the frame 10 which is suitably apertured for the reception of the finger therethrough, the trigger bein pivoted upon a transverse pin 50 and ving a spring pressed pawl 51 in its rear side. The pawl 51 has an inclined lower face and an upwardly facing shoulder adapted to snap past the forward end or point 52 of the sear, and to engage beneath the latter to release it from the hammer 27 when the trigger 49 is drawn backwardly.

The trigger 49 is rovided with an u standing car 53 exten 'ng radially from t e pivot 50 and having pivotally-mounted u on Its upper end a safety lever 54 adapts to engage a forwardly facing shoulder 55 formed upon the upper edge of the hammer 27 when the trigger 49 is held in its forward position by the spring 56. When the lever 54 bears against the shoulder 55 the hammer 27 is in its raised position adjacent the head 26. The trigger 49 also has upon its rear edge and above the pawl 51, a projecting lip 57 adapted to engage at its inner side upon an upwardly facing shoulder 58 formed upon the forward edge of the hammer 27, and lying in the path of a hammer lever 59 pivoted-t0 the upper edge portion of the hammer and extending forwardly therefrom. The hammer lever 59 has a lower flat face adapted to seat against a conespondingly formed edge portion of the hammer and is normally urged at its forward free end away from the hammer by a spring 60 connected to the inner end of the hammer lever and to the hammer. The hammer lever 59 is adapted to snap about the end of'the lip 57 when the trigger 49 is moved forwardly to release the hammer when retracted, and the lip 57 is adapted to engage ;aga1nst the lower side ofthe lever 59 when the trigger is drawn backward. The inner end of the lever 59 has a shoulder 61 adapted to. bind against the adjacent edge of the hammerto limit the upward and forward swinging of the free end of the lever 59. v

In action, when the trigger 49 is drawn rearwardly the lip 57 engages the hammer lever 59 and swings the hammer 27 into cocked position, the parts being so proport a d as to Swing he hammer 27 into a position, such that the shoulder 43 approaches the shoulder of the sear 44 but does not interlock therewith. When the trigger 49 is drawn backward to the fullest extent, the lip 57 passes over the free end of the lever 59 and spring 41 moves the hammer 27 forward. The trigger lever 54 is carried forwardly by the ear 53 out of the path of the shoulder 55 and admits of the free forward movement of the hammer. As

I soon as the trigger 49 is released the trigger is drawn forwardly by its spring 56 and the lever 54 is engaged with the shoulder 55 to relieve the firing pin of the pressure of the hammer 27, and to dispose the lip 57 against the shoulder 58. When the trigger 49 is again drawn backward the same cycle of opmoved forwardly by its spring 56, the pawl 51 passing beneath the pin 52 of the sear.

' The parts are now in position for operating the hammer when the trigger is drawn back .by the finger.

To prevent accidental discharge of the cartridge by impact upon the hammer when in closed position against the head 26, the trigger lever 54 is provided with an upwardly inclined lug 63 which has a rear flat side engaging shoulder 55 under the conditions above specified, and which has a forward fiat side adapted to bear against a safety shoulder 64 formed upon the frame 10 immediately in front of the lug 63 when the latter is in engagement with the. shoulder 55. The lug 63 is thus held between the shoulder 64 and the shoulder'55 to prevent forward movement of the hammer 27 to operate the firing pin. As the lever 54 is inclined downwardly from the shoulder 64 the operation of the trigger 49 exerts a downward or diagonal pull upon the lug '63 and removes the same from between the shoulders.

The frame 10 is provided at opposite sides and at the upper endof the magazine 14 with a pair of opposed spring fingers 65 which engage and hold the uppermost cartridge in the top of the magazine and in line with the cartridge chamber of the barrel.

Thetrigger arm 54 is normally held upwardly by a spring 66, to urge the rojection 63 upwardly between the shoul ers 64 and 65 when the trigger is moved into its forward position.

' The frame 10 carries, at the top ofv the magazine and preferably at the closed side thereof an ejector 67 a p d 9 g g the shell after the same has been discharged and is retracted by the bolt 17.

In operation, the cartridges are placed in superposed position in the well or magazine 14as above set forth. The bolt 17 is released and moved into a forward position against the rear end of the barrel 12. When the trigger is operated in any one of the methods above described, the hammer 27 is actuated to strike against the head 26 and impart a forward impulse to the firing pin 19 to explode the cartridge in the cartridge chamber. The recoil of the cartridge automatically retracts the bolt 17, the spring vfinger 21 withdrawing the shell from the cartridge chamber and into engagement 1 with the ejector 67, the latter projecting the shell through the open side of the frame and the spring 15 lifting the cartridges and disposing the next adjacent cartridge into axial alinement with the bolt. The spring 18 is compressed by the backward movement of the bolt 17, andis at this time free to project the bolt forwardly and advance, the uppermost cartridge into the cartridge, chamber.

The frame is provided intermediate .its

ends with a recoil block 70 slidably disposed.

beneath the firing pin 19 and vertlcally movable within the' frame. The block 70 is vertically slotted and anchored in place by. a pin 71 passing through the slot and against which an expansion spring 7 2 bears, the spring urging the block normally upward. The upper face of the block has near its forward edge an abrupt inclined shoulder adapted to bear against the shoulder 30 of the bolt 17 'to take up to a large extent the recoil of the bolt when a cartridge is fired. The rear portion of the block 70 has an upper elongated cam face adapted to engage the projection or shoulder 30 of the bolt 17 and yieldingly retard the forward advancepf the bolt subsequent to its recoil. The block 7 0' thus absorbs shock incident to the retraction of the bolt and also prevents the sudden forward thrust of the bolt in feeding the cartridges to the firing chamber.

It is of course understood that various changes and modifications may be made in the details of construction of the above specifically described embodiment of this invention, such changes and modifications being restricted only lowing claims 1. In an automatic pistol, the combination, of a frame, a bolt for movement longitudinally in the frame, a spring for advancing said bolt, a firing pin movable longitudinally in said bolt, a hammer for impact against said firing pin, a spring connected to the hammer for urging the latter into contest with the firing pin, a trigger for operby the scope of the folating said hammer, a downwardly facing shoulder-formed upon the hammer, and a lever pivotally carried by said trigger and adapted to engage said shoulder to relieve the firing pin of ressure of said hammer, said bolt provided with an undercut way terminating in a shoulder, a stop member carried in said way for engagement against said shoulder to limit forward movement of the bolt.

2. In an automatic pistol, the combination of a frame, a bolt for movement longitudinally in the frame, a spring for advancing said bolt, a firing pin lon itudinally movable within said bolt, a hammer adapted to impact/against said firing pin, a spring connected to the hammer for urging the latter into contact with the firing pin, a downwardly facing shoulder formed upon said hammer, a lever pivotally carried by said trig er and ada ted to engage said shoulder to relieve said ring pin'of the pressure-of said hammer, said bolt provided with an undercut way terminating in a shoulder, a stop member-carried in said way for engagement against said shoulder to limit forward movement of the bolt, a rearwardly facing shoulder formed upon said frame, a lug u on the free end of the said lever and a apted to engage the shoulder of said frame to prevent accidental contact between the hammer and the firing pin.

3. In an automatic pistol, the combination of a frame, a bolt movable longitudinally in the frame, a spring for advancing said bolt,

. a firing pin longitudinally movable within said bolt, a hammer adapted for impact against said firing pin, a spring connected to the hammer forr urging the latter into contact with the firing pin, means normally engaging said hammer to relieve said firing pin of pressure of the hammer, and adapted to prevent accidental engagement between the hammer and firing pin, said bolt provided with an undercut way terminating in a shoulder, a stop member carried in said frame for engagement against said shoulder to limit forward movement of the bolt, a yieldably mounted recoil block slidably carried by said frame for longitudinal movement and riding in said undercut way, the upper end of the forward edge of said recoil block adapted to engage the outer end of the tbolt when the latter is in a forward posilon.

4. In an automatic pistol, the combination of a frame, a bolt for movement longitudinallyin the frame, a spring for advancing said bolt, said bolt provided with an underout, way terminating in a shoulder, a stop member carried in said frame for engagement against said shoulder to limit forward movement of the bolt, a firing pin longitudinally movable within said bolt, a hammer adapted for impact against said firing pin, a trigger for operating said hammer, a s ring connected to the hammer for urging t e latter into contact with the firing pm, a downwardly facing shoulder formed upon said hammer, a lever pivotally carried by said trigger and adapted to engage said shoulder to release said firing pin of pressure of said hammer, a rearwardly facing shoulder formed upon said frame, a lug upon the free end of said lever adapted to engage the shoulder of the spring to pre-" vent accidental contact between the hammer and firing pin.

5. In an automatic pistol the combination of a barrel, a frame supporting the barrel, a firing tpin carried by the frame, a'hammer pivote in the frame, a spring connected to the hammer for urging the latter into contact with the firing pin, a trigger pivoted in the frame, a spring pressed arm mounted on the hammer and adapted to engage the hammer and limit vthe outward movement of the arm, a projection on the trigger for engagement with said hammer arm upon the rearward movement of the trigger to retract the hammer from the firing pin and adapted to snap past the arm when the hammer is retracted to release the hammer, a. shoulder on 

